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How to split IPA spelling into syllables

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3

First, please forgive my ignorance, I'm completely new to linguistics.

Given the IPA spelling for word, is it possible to programmatically split it into its sounds? So, for example, given the word "ingredient" and it's IPA spelling "ɪn'gridiənt", is it possible to split it into ["ɪn", "gri", "di", "ənt"]? Is there perhaps a finite list of sounds, at least in the English language, by which an IPA word can be split?

Any help appreciated

ipa syllables phonotactics

share|improve this question

edited 4 mins ago

Nardog

1,1041415

asked 2 hours ago

skedlyskedly

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skedly is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
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add a comment | 

3

First, please forgive my ignorance, I'm completely new to linguistics.

Given the IPA spelling for word, is it possible to programmatically split it into its sounds? So, for example, given the word "ingredient" and it's IPA spelling "ɪn'gridiənt", is it possible to split it into ["ɪn", "gri", "di", "ənt"]? Is there perhaps a finite list of sounds, at least in the English language, by which an IPA word can be split?

Any help appreciated

ipa syllables phonotactics

share|improve this question

edited 4 mins ago

Nardog

1,1041415

asked 2 hours ago

skedlyskedly

161

New contributor

skedly is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.

add a comment | 

First, please forgive my ignorance, I'm completely new to linguistics.

Given the IPA spelling for word, is it possible to programmatically split it into its sounds? So, for example, given the word "ingredient" and it's IPA spelling "ɪn'gridiənt", is it possible to split it into ["ɪn", "gri", "di", "ənt"]? Is there perhaps a finite list of sounds, at least in the English language, by which an IPA word can be split?

Any help appreciated

ipa syllables phonotactics

share|improve this question

edited 4 mins ago

Nardog

1,1041415

asked 2 hours ago

skedlyskedly

161

New contributor

skedly is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.

share|improve this question

edited 4 mins ago

Nardog

1,1041415

asked 2 hours ago

skedlyskedly

161

New contributor

skedly is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.

share|improve this question

edited 4 mins ago

Nardog

1,1041415

asked 2 hours ago

skedlyskedly

161

New contributor

skedly is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.

edited 4 mins ago

Nardog

1,1041415

edited 4 mins ago

Nardog

1,1041415

asked 2 hours ago

skedlyskedly

161

New contributor

skedly is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.

asked 2 hours ago

skedlyskedly

161

1 Answer
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4

This is, in fact, possible! It's not trivial, but it is straightforward.

Your goal seems to be to break an English word (written in phonemic IPA) into syllables. There's a bit of controversy about how useful the concept of a "syllable" is in English, and a few different theories about what exactly a "syllable" is if it does exist, but the following is pretty widely accepted and should be good for your purpose.

First, the theory of syllable structure: every syllable looks something like ONC, where O is the onset, N is the nucleus, and C is the coda. The nucleus is a vowel(*), and always has to be there; the onset and coda are groups of consonants, and aren't required.

Second, the maximal onset principle: we want the onset to be as long as possible. So "tube" is /tub/, but "tuba" is /tu.ba/: the /b/ goes with the second syllable, because that makes the onset bigger.

Third, the syllable structure constraints: certain patterns of consonants aren't allowed together. This one varies by language, but in English, the onset can only be three consonants long at most, and you can't have a stop followed by a fricative in the onset, among many others. So "axle" is /ak.səl/ instead of */a.ksəl/, despite the maximal onset principle. Wikipedia has a good list of these constrains.

So if you want an algorithm for doing this:

• Locate all the nuclei (vowels)


• For each nucleus, work backward, adding sounds to the onset


• If the onset stops being valid, take a step back, then put all the rest of the sounds in the previous syllable's coda

---

(*) Some analyses of English have syllabic resonants, while others treat them as /ə/ plus resonant. In this answer I'm assuming you're using the version with schwa.

share|improve this answer

answered 1 hour ago

DraconisDraconis

12.3k11952

• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  
  What a fantastic answer. You're right, I'm trying to programatically translate a word or phrase into Aig, aka Aigy-Paigy. WordsApi provides the syllables and the IPA for a given word. I'm now considering where to insert eɪg. It might take me a while to decode and then code what you've provided but you've given me lots to go on. Thank you.
  
  – skedly
  1 hour ago
  
  
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  
  @skedly You're in luck in that case! That's even easier: find all the vowels (you can identify them on an IPA chart), then insert eɪg before each one. The only trick is figuring out whether two vowels in a row are a diphthong (should be treated as one vowel) or hiatus (should go in separate syllables). But there are only a handful of diphthongs in English, so you can just look those up in a table.
  
  – Draconis
  1 hour ago
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  1
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  
  I want to add that the "syllable structure constraints" is part, and a big part at that, of the subject called phonotactics. This Wikipedia article may itself be useful, though it doesn't look great, but mainly, I think it may be a useful keyword for further searches if you need to refine your algorithm beyond what this answer provides.
  
  – LjL
  13 mins ago
  
  
  

  
  
  
  

add a comment | 

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4

This is, in fact, possible! It's not trivial, but it is straightforward.

Your goal seems to be to break an English word (written in phonemic IPA) into syllables. There's a bit of controversy about how useful the concept of a "syllable" is in English, and a few different theories about what exactly a "syllable" is if it does exist, but the following is pretty widely accepted and should be good for your purpose.

First, the theory of syllable structure: every syllable looks something like ONC, where O is the onset, N is the nucleus, and C is the coda. The nucleus is a vowel(*), and always has to be there; the onset and coda are groups of consonants, and aren't required.

Second, the maximal onset principle: we want the onset to be as long as possible. So "tube" is /tub/, but "tuba" is /tu.ba/: the /b/ goes with the second syllable, because that makes the onset bigger.

Third, the syllable structure constraints: certain patterns of consonants aren't allowed together. This one varies by language, but in English, the onset can only be three consonants long at most, and you can't have a stop followed by a fricative in the onset, among many others. So "axle" is /ak.səl/ instead of */a.ksəl/, despite the maximal onset principle. Wikipedia has a good list of these constrains.

So if you want an algorithm for doing this:

• Locate all the nuclei (vowels)


• For each nucleus, work backward, adding sounds to the onset


• If the onset stops being valid, take a step back, then put all the rest of the sounds in the previous syllable's coda

---

(*) Some analyses of English have syllabic resonants, while others treat them as /ə/ plus resonant. In this answer I'm assuming you're using the version with schwa.

share|improve this answer

answered 1 hour ago

DraconisDraconis

12.3k11952

• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  
  What a fantastic answer. You're right, I'm trying to programatically translate a word or phrase into Aig, aka Aigy-Paigy. WordsApi provides the syllables and the IPA for a given word. I'm now considering where to insert eɪg. It might take me a while to decode and then code what you've provided but you've given me lots to go on. Thank you.
  
  – skedly
  1 hour ago
  
  
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  
  @skedly You're in luck in that case! That's even easier: find all the vowels (you can identify them on an IPA chart), then insert eɪg before each one. The only trick is figuring out whether two vowels in a row are a diphthong (should be treated as one vowel) or hiatus (should go in separate syllables). But there are only a handful of diphthongs in English, so you can just look those up in a table.
  
  – Draconis
  1 hour ago
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  1
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  
  I want to add that the "syllable structure constraints" is part, and a big part at that, of the subject called phonotactics. This Wikipedia article may itself be useful, though it doesn't look great, but mainly, I think it may be a useful keyword for further searches if you need to refine your algorithm beyond what this answer provides.
  
  – LjL
  13 mins ago
  
  
  

  
  
  
  

add a comment | 

4

This is, in fact, possible! It's not trivial, but it is straightforward.

Your goal seems to be to break an English word (written in phonemic IPA) into syllables. There's a bit of controversy about how useful the concept of a "syllable" is in English, and a few different theories about what exactly a "syllable" is if it does exist, but the following is pretty widely accepted and should be good for your purpose.

First, the theory of syllable structure: every syllable looks something like ONC, where O is the onset, N is the nucleus, and C is the coda. The nucleus is a vowel(*), and always has to be there; the onset and coda are groups of consonants, and aren't required.

Second, the maximal onset principle: we want the onset to be as long as possible. So "tube" is /tub/, but "tuba" is /tu.ba/: the /b/ goes with the second syllable, because that makes the onset bigger.

Third, the syllable structure constraints: certain patterns of consonants aren't allowed together. This one varies by language, but in English, the onset can only be three consonants long at most, and you can't have a stop followed by a fricative in the onset, among many others. So "axle" is /ak.səl/ instead of */a.ksəl/, despite the maximal onset principle. Wikipedia has a good list of these constrains.

So if you want an algorithm for doing this:

• Locate all the nuclei (vowels)


• For each nucleus, work backward, adding sounds to the onset


• If the onset stops being valid, take a step back, then put all the rest of the sounds in the previous syllable's coda

---

(*) Some analyses of English have syllabic resonants, while others treat them as /ə/ plus resonant. In this answer I'm assuming you're using the version with schwa.

share|improve this answer

answered 1 hour ago

DraconisDraconis

12.3k11952

• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  
  What a fantastic answer. You're right, I'm trying to programatically translate a word or phrase into Aig, aka Aigy-Paigy. WordsApi provides the syllables and the IPA for a given word. I'm now considering where to insert eɪg. It might take me a while to decode and then code what you've provided but you've given me lots to go on. Thank you.
  
  – skedly
  1 hour ago
  
  
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  
  @skedly You're in luck in that case! That's even easier: find all the vowels (you can identify them on an IPA chart), then insert eɪg before each one. The only trick is figuring out whether two vowels in a row are a diphthong (should be treated as one vowel) or hiatus (should go in separate syllables). But there are only a handful of diphthongs in English, so you can just look those up in a table.
  
  – Draconis
  1 hour ago
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  1
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  
  I want to add that the "syllable structure constraints" is part, and a big part at that, of the subject called phonotactics. This Wikipedia article may itself be useful, though it doesn't look great, but mainly, I think it may be a useful keyword for further searches if you need to refine your algorithm beyond what this answer provides.
  
  – LjL
  13 mins ago
  
  
  

  
  
  
  

add a comment | 

This is, in fact, possible! It's not trivial, but it is straightforward.

Your goal seems to be to break an English word (written in phonemic IPA) into syllables. There's a bit of controversy about how useful the concept of a "syllable" is in English, and a few different theories about what exactly a "syllable" is if it does exist, but the following is pretty widely accepted and should be good for your purpose.

First, the theory of syllable structure: every syllable looks something like ONC, where O is the onset, N is the nucleus, and C is the coda. The nucleus is a vowel(*), and always has to be there; the onset and coda are groups of consonants, and aren't required.

Second, the maximal onset principle: we want the onset to be as long as possible. So "tube" is /tub/, but "tuba" is /tu.ba/: the /b/ goes with the second syllable, because that makes the onset bigger.

Third, the syllable structure constraints: certain patterns of consonants aren't allowed together. This one varies by language, but in English, the onset can only be three consonants long at most, and you can't have a stop followed by a fricative in the onset, among many others. So "axle" is /ak.səl/ instead of */a.ksəl/, despite the maximal onset principle. Wikipedia has a good list of these constrains.

So if you want an algorithm for doing this:

• Locate all the nuclei (vowels)


• For each nucleus, work backward, adding sounds to the onset


• If the onset stops being valid, take a step back, then put all the rest of the sounds in the previous syllable's coda

---

(*) Some analyses of English have syllabic resonants, while others treat them as /ə/ plus resonant. In this answer I'm assuming you're using the version with schwa.

share|improve this answer

answered 1 hour ago

DraconisDraconis

12.3k11952

share|improve this answer

answered 1 hour ago

DraconisDraconis

12.3k11952

answered 1 hour ago

DraconisDraconis

12.3k11952

answered 1 hour ago

DraconisDraconis

12.3k11952